A new wave of research has put the spotlight on the increasing number of reef sharks returning to a coral reef off Western Australia.
A new wave of research has put the spotlight on the increasing number of reef sharks returning to a coral reef off Western Australia.
Teams of marine scientists around the world have been collaborating on the three-year Global FinPrint Project, using underwater cameras to investigate shark numbers in Marine Protected Areas.
The project has been funded by philanthropist and Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen, with the WA segment led by the Australian Institute of Marine Science researchers Conrad Speed, Mark Meekan and Mike Cappo.
The study found enforced marine protected areas were an effective means of rebuilding shark populations and that populations in other areas of the world were in decline.
When first assessing shark communities at Ashmore Reef off Western Australia’s north-west coast in 2004, the team found low numbers of grey reef sharks, while larger species such as the tiger shark were completely absent, Dr Speed said.
“When we returned in 2016 as part of the Global FinPrint Project to repeat the survey, eight years after enforcement of the marine protected area, we found there were more than four times as many grey reef sharks present, as well as tiger sharks and other species that were also absent from the 2004 survey,” he said.
“Applying existing demographic recovery models to grey reef shark abundance indicated the rate at which recovery occurred at Ashmore Reef, was much faster than anticipated.”
Dr Meekan said the shark population at Ashmore Reef now resembled the Rowley Shoals off north-western Australia, a marine protected area for the past 25 years.
“We found the proportion of reef sharks increased from 28.6 per cent to 57.6 per cent between surveys, while large mobile sharks that prey on other shark and ray species also increased slightly from 7.1 per cent to 11.9 per cent of the community,” he said.
Dr Meekan said sharks played an important role on reefs, with increasing evidence healthy shark populations may even assist coral reef recovery from mass coral bleaching and cyclones.
